Multidecadal Geomorphic Evolution of a Profoundly Disturbed Gravel Bed River System—A Complex, Nonlinear Response and Its Impact on Sediment Delivery

Major J. J.; Zheng S.; Mosbrucker A. R.; Spicer K. R.; Christianson T.; Thorne C. R.

摘要

Abstract > A 2.5‐km 3 debris avalanche during the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens buried upper North Fork Toutle River valley and reset the fluvial landscape. Since then, a new drainage network has evolved. Cross‐sectional surveys repeated over nearly 40?years at 16 locations along a 20‐km reach of river valley document channel evolution. We analyze spatial and temporal changes in channel morphology using two new metrics: (1) a shape index that defines the degree of U‐shaped or V‐shaped valley geometry and (2) an alluvial phase space diagram that relates bed degradation or aggradation to increases or decreases in cross‐sectional area. Unlike a simple, linear response model previously proposed, our analysis reveals channel development has been distinctly nonlinear and nonsequential. Rather than following a sequential trajectory of (1) channel initiation and incision, (2) aggradation and widening, and (3) episodic scour and fill with little change in bed elevation, long‐term channel evolution has been more complex with vertical and lateral adjustments intertwined throughout. Our analysis reveals channel evolution has followed a complex trajectory that has migrated nonsequentially through several phase space domains including degradation and aggradation with widening and narrowing, bed‐level fluctuations with little change in cross‐section area, and changes in cross‐sectional area with little change of bed elevation. Persistent channel widening and reworking of the channel bed are responsible for maintaining elevated sediment delivery from this basin. Elevated sediment delivery is likely to persist until valley floor widths greatly exceed that of the channel migration zone, and/or channel slopes and valley walls stabilize. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“Main”XML：Lang =“en”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> > a 2.5 km 3 </ sup>碎片雪崩在1980年爆发期间圣海伦山埋藏了上北叉河谷河谷，并重置了河流景观。从那时起，新的排水网络已经发展。横断面调查在近40岁的时候重复于16个地点，沿着河流谷文档渠道演变达到20公里。我们使用两种新度量分析通道形态的空间和时间变化：（1）形状指数，其定义U形或V形谷几何形状的程度和（2）对床劣化或加重的冲积期空间图。横截面积增加或减少。与先前提出的简单线性响应模型不同，我们的分析显示了渠道开发一直是明显的非线性和非顺序。而不是遵循（1）信道启动和切口的连续轨迹，（2）委托和加宽，（3）情节缝和填充床高度几乎没有变化，长期渠道进化与垂直和横向更复杂整个调整交织在一起。我们的分析揭示了渠道进化遵循了一个复杂的轨迹，这些轨迹已经通过几个相位空间域迁移，包括扩大和缩小，横截面积几乎没有变化的床级波动，横截面积变化的劣化和缩小床海拔的变化。渠道床的持续通道扩大和重新加工负责从该盆地维持升高的沉积物。沉积物递送升高可能持续，直到谷地板宽度大大超过通道迁移区域的宽度，和/或通道斜坡和谷墙稳定。 </ p> </ abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-34664/'>《Journal of geophysical research. Earth Surface: JGR》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2019年第5期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共29页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Major J. J.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Major J. J.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Zheng S.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Zheng S.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Mosbrucker A. R.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Mosbrucker A. R.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Spicer K. R.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Spicer K. R.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Christianson T.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Christianson T.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Thorne C. R.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Thorne C. R.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Volcano Science Center Cascades Volcano ObservatoryU.S. Geological SurveyVancouver WA USA;</p> <p>State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering ScienceWuhan UniversityHubei China;</p> <p>Volcano Science Center Cascades Volcano ObservatoryU.S. Geological SurveyVancouver WA USA;</p> <p>Volcano Science Center Cascades Volcano ObservatoryU.S. Geological SurveyVancouver WA USA;</p> <p>Volcano Science Center Cascades Volcano ObservatoryU.S. Geological SurveyVancouver WA USA;</p> <p>School of GeographyNottingham UniversityNottingham UK;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span>TP79:P3; </span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=river channel geometry&option=203" rel="nofollow">river channel geometry;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=channel evolution&option=203" rel="nofollow">channel evolution;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=sediment delivery&option=203" rel="nofollow">sediment delivery;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=volcanic disturbance&option=203" rel="nofollow">volcanic disturbance;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Mount St. Helens&option=203" rel="nofollow">Mount St. Helens;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=channel erosion&option=203" rel="nofollow">channel erosion;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：河道几何;渠道演变;沉积物交付;火山骚扰;圣海伦山;渠道侵蚀; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704025586897.html">Multidecadal Geomorphic Evolution of a Profoundly Disturbed Gravel Bed River System—A Complex, Nonlinear Response and Its Impact on Sediment Delivery</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Major J. 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