CRISPR-CAS9: A PROMISING GENOME EDITING TOOL

摘要

CRISPR-Cas system acts as genetic vaccination record by integration of invading viral DNA into theCRISPR loci of bacterial genome which gives protection to the host by cleaving invading viral DNA in subsequentinfections. There are mainly three types of CRISPR-Cas systems of which type II CRISPR-Cas system is used as agenome editing tool because of its simplicity, specificity and efficiency. The CRISPR-cas9 genome editing system is apromising method to bring genetic improvement in animal health and productivity. It is also used in various applicationsincluding reverse genetics studies to understand the role of specific genes, genome recoding, for disease modelling, andfor demonstrating new therapies in a number of cancers as well as genetic and infectious diseases using transgenicorganisms. Although, a number of genome editing tools are available currently, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system isconsidered to be the most efficient because it targets multiple loci at a time. Here, an attempt has been made to reviewvarious tools available for genome editing with special emphasis on the progress made in CRISPR-Cas9 system till date.