Maternal dietary patterns and associations of having a small-for-gestational-age or a large-for-gestational-age baby

摘要

Background: Maternal diet influences infant growth but associations with food quality are inconsistent. The aim of this study is to assess if maternal dietary patterns affect prevalence of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) in a well-nourished population. Material/Method: This study is based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study and includes 65,904 pregnant women who answered questionnaires in gestational week 15 (general health questionnaire) and 22 (food frequency questionnaire). The food frequency questionnaire covered intakes during the first half of pregnancy. We extracted three data-driven dietary patterns using principal component factor analyses and categorized participants into four non-overlapping groups "high prudent", "high Western", "high traditional" and "mixed". We obtained information about infant birth size and gestational age from the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry and calculated SGA and LGA according to ultrasound-, population-based and customized based definitions. We estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), and controlled for confounding with multiple logistic regression. Results: Associations between maternal dietary patterns and SGA and LGA differed with different definitions of the outcome. Women in the high prudent group had increased prevalence of SGA_ultrasound, OR 1.25 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.54), compared to women in the high Western group (reference). Furthermore, women in the high prudent group had lower prevalence of LGA_population, OR 0.84 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.94) as well as for LGA_customized, OR 0.88 (0.78, 0.99). Similar trends were seen in sub-group analyses. Conclusion: Apart from food quantity, food quality might affect birth weight. Adherence to the high prudent dietary pattern was associated with increased prevalence of SGA and decreased prevalence of LGA, compared to high Western diet. High adherence to traditional diet was associated with increased LGA prevalence.