Nannochloropsis sp ethanol extract prevents macrophage and LDL oxidation and enhances PON1 activity through the principal active compound lyso-diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine (lyso-DGTS)

摘要

Oxidation of macrophages and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a role in atherogenesis, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its associated protein paraoxonase1 (PON1) contribute to antiatherogenic activities. Microalgae are a food source with a high content of antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids. In this study, the potential role of extracts of the microalga Nannochloropsis sp. and isolated components in decreasing atherosclerosis risk was examined. A 70% ethanol-water extract of Nannochloropsis sp. inhibited macrophage and LDL oxidation, increased PON1 activity, and protected it from the deleterious effects of linoleic acid hydroperoxide in a dose-dependent manner. The compound responsible for increasing PON1 activity was isolated and its structure was elucidated as the (C20:5,0) lyso-diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine (lyso-DGTS) lipid. We suggest that the 70% ethanol-water extract of Nannochloropsis sp. has beneficial effects on decreasing atherosclerotic risk, and that the molecular structure of the active compound that increased lactonase PON1 activity was lyso-DGTS.