Fabrication and Characterization of Three-Dimensional Scaffold with Multiscale Vascularized Channels for Tissue Engineering Using a Novel Composite Forming Technique

摘要

Despite significant progress has been made in tissue engineering scaffolds over the past decade, there are still many challenges. One of the greatest challenges is the lack of effective construction of Vascularized Channels that conforms to human tissue on a three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering scaffold structure. This limits the ability of the scaffold to provide oxygen and nutrients to cells. In this work, we use a novel composite forming technique combined Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting with electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing by using two sacrificial materials to prepare a tissue scaffold with multiscale vascularized Channels. Pluronic F127 is used to print the primary and secondary networks of the sacrificial template, polycaprolactone (PCL) is used to print the microscopic network of sacrificial templates, and the receiving platform is a modified gelatin-printed hemisphere structure that allows the sacrificial template to have a complex 3D structure. The sacrificial template can be removed by a temperature-controlled and water bath to obtain a tissue scaffold with a 3D vascular access. Inoculation experiments with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) indicate that the manufacturing process is biocompatible with cells.