Prevalence and motivations for kratom use in a sample of substance users enrolled in a residential treatment program

摘要

Highlights ? 20.8% of the sample reported lifetime kratom use and 10.2% reported past-year use. ? Among this group of polysubstance users, kratom-users reported more extensive use. ? 68.9% of kratom-users reported using kratom to reduce opioid/heroin dependence. ? 64.1% of kratom-users reported using kratom as a substitute for opioids/heroin. ? Kratom was one of the least preferred substances among the sample. Abstract Background Kratom use in the West has increased recently, yet the prevalence and motives for use among individuals with a history of substance use disorder (SUD) have not been fully examined. Kratom has been documented as a means of treating chronic pain, mitigating drug dependence, and easing withdrawal symptoms, yet it is unclear if substance users are utilizing kratom as a self-medication. Abuse liability, side effects, and overall appeal of kratom remain uncertain. Methods In April 2017, an anonymous survey regarding kratom use and motivations was completed by clients enrolled in a 12-Step-oriented residential program. 500 respondents with a self-reported history of SUD completed the survey. Results 20.8% of respondents endorsed lifetime kratom use and 10.2% reported past-12-month use. Kratom-users were younger (=32.1 vs. 35.9, p Conclusions Among substance users, kratom use may be initiated for a variety of reasons, including as a novel form of harm-reduction or drug substitution, particularly in the context of dependence and withdrawal from other substances.