Mixed-amphetamine salts expectancies among college students: Is stimulant induced cognitive enhancement a placebo effect?

摘要

Introduction: Non-medical use of prescription stimulants for cognitive enhancement in college students is increasing, despite evidence showing little benefit in non-clinical populations. The balanced placebo design (BPD) was used to independently evaluate the pharmacologic versus expectancy effects of mixed amphetamine salts on cognitive performance among a non-clinical sample of college-aged students.