Auswertung von Laserscannerdaten und automatische Ableitung von Strukturlinien mit digitalen Bildverarbeitungsmethoden

摘要

Laserscanning is a sophisticated method for topographic mapping. It serves for the generation of digital elevation models (DEM). The following issues are of main interest for the scientific investigation of Laserscanning: a) topographic immediate survey of ground in areas where photogrammetric methods fail or are difficult and not possible (e.g. coastal areas and forests) and b) implementation of a processing chain for the raw data which is automatic to a large extent. Methods based on mathematical morphology and robust parameter estimation are explored for the detection of ground points and for the separation of ground points from non-ground points. For a first approximation the shape of the surface is estimated with the help of a morphological operator. As a result it is possible to postulate hypotheses for ground points and non-ground points. The following task is the modeling of the ground surface and hypothesis tests. Models based on robust parameter estimation are developed and studied. The developed models are verified in relation with different test areas.