Generation and Demand Scheduling in a Micro-grid with Battery-based Storage Systems, Hybrid Renewable Systems and Electric Vehicle Aggregators

摘要

This study presents a proposal for generation scheduling and demand response (electric vehicles in this study) of an isolated micro-grid. The system has the following elements: battery-based storage systems, hybrid renewable systems (wind and solar generators with controllable dispatch), traditional generators and electric vehicle aggregators for demand management. In order to reach economic and reliable operation of the system, a multi-objective optimization model considering battery life extension, in a side; and energy generation costs, and recharge price for electric vehicles, on the other side, is established. To address the variability and inherent stochastic nature of renewables, uncertainty cost functions for the hybrid renewable systems are used through probability density functions of the available resources. Additionally, in order to allow balancing the uncertainty and variability of renewable generation, Demand side management (DSM) is introduced into the optimization problem through controllable resources in the grid like plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). A coordinated charging strategy is developed for PEVs through aggregators to obtain the most economic power dispatch scheme and the lowest charging price. The optimal set of operation parameters of the micro-grid is obtained using the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II). Results show that the proposed methodology is useful to obtain a market environment able to handle the scheduling of generation resources and operation parameters of the micro-grid system.