Complex congenital heart disease: Prevalence and clinical findings

摘要

Congenital heart disease represents one of the most frequent causes of mortality in stillborn dogs and puppies younger than 1 year old (Buchanan, 1999). The majority of dogs are affected with only one defect (e.g. aortic stenosis, patent ductus arteriosus, mitral valve dysplasia, etc.). However in some cases two or more alterations may coexist. In these cases the malformations can be definite complex congenital heart disease.