Field evaluation of maturity group IV late soybean cultivars to Cercospora leaf blight, frogeye leaf spot, Septoria brown spot, southern blight, and target spot in west central MS, 2018

摘要

A field evaluation of 46 maturity group IV late soybean cultivars to Cercospora leaf blight, frogeye leaf spot, Septoria brown spot, southern blight, and target spot was performed near Avon, MS. Soybean cultivars were planted in a Sharkey clay soil on1 May. The previous crop was rice. Plots consisted of four rows of soybean, spaced 19-in. apart, planted with 9 seed per foot of row and trimmed to a final length of 14.5 ft. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Plots were furrow irrigated as needed. Field evaluations for the presence of foliar disease were conducted at approximately R6.5 using a 0 to 9 scale whereby 0=no disease and 9=excessive disease symptoms. Leaf surface area affected was evaluated for frogeye leaf spot based on a scale of 0 to 9 where 0 = no disease present and 9 = severe frogeye leaf spot. Cercospora leaf blight was rated based on the presence of disease on leaves (0 to 5), petioles (6), and on pods and stems (7 to 9) based on diseaseintensity as assessed by coloration of plant material (leaves with distinct purple coloration and petioles, pods and main stems with purple to near black coloration). Septoria brown spot and target spot were rated in a similar fashion based on the presence of the disease within the plant canopy so that 0 to 3 indicated the presence in the lower canopy, 4 to 5 in the middle canopy, 6 to 8 in the upper canopy, and 9 indicative of extensive defoliation throughout the entire plant canopy and the disease inthe upper most canopy. Southern blight was evaluated using a 0 to 9 scale with the plants included in the entire plot being observed and whereby plots exhibiting no symptoms associated with southern blight were given a 0, plots with half of the plants exhibiting symptoms indicative of southern blight were given a 5, while plots exhibiting numerous plants with mycelia and sclerotia as well as severe early wilting (prior to R8) were given a 9. Plots were harvested on 4 Oct by harvesting the middle two rows of soybean. Yield was calculated by standardizing moisture to 13%. Prior to analysis, field disease evaluations were treated as ordinal data and therefore rank transformed using PROC RANK (Version 9.4, SAS Institute, Cary, NC). The resulting transformed data were subjected to analysis of variance in PROC GLM, and means were compared using Fisher's protected least significant difference (LSD) at the P=0.05 significance level. Means were back-transformed for the presentation of data. Yield data were analyzed using the SAS GLM procedure (Version 9.3, SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Means separation was conducted using Fisher's protected least significant difference at P=0.05.