Evaluation of integrated methods for management of Fusarium head blight and foliar diseases of spring malting barley in New York, 2016

摘要

The trial was conducted at the Musgrave Research Farm in Aurora, NY in a Lima silt loam soil planted with two spring malting barley varieties, 'Conlon' (2-row), and 'Newdale' (2-row), on 18 Apr. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized block design with a split-plot arrangement, with cultivar as the main plot and the fungicide treatments as subplots, randomized in six replicated blocks. Main plots were sown at 100 lb/A with a commercial grain no-till drill into disked corn stubble. Subplots were 20 x 10 ft including 15 rows with 7.5-in. row spacing. The plots were fertilized at planting (200 lb/A of 10-20-20) and topdressed on 23 May (60 lb/A of urea, providing an additional 27.6 lb/A of nitrogen). The Conlon barley heads emerged significantly earlier than the Newdale barley heads, and therefore the fungicide applications were split between the two different timings of head emergence for the two barley varieties, and again seven days later. Fungicides were applied to Conlon plots at head emergence (Feekes growth stage, FGS 10.5) on 17 Jun and 24 Jun, and to Newdale plots on 5 Jul and 12 Jul. Fungicide applications included the surfactant Induce at 0.125% v/v. After the fungicides had dried, plots were spray-inoculated with a conidial suspension of F. graminearum (40,000 conidia/ml) to augment the development of FHB. Fungicide and F. graminearum treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer with paired TJ-60 8003vs nozzles mounted at an angle (30 from horizontal) forward and backward, 20-in. apart, pressurized at 30 psi, and calibrated to deliver 20 gal/A. Incidence and severity (percent of symptomatic spikelets on symptomatic heads) of FHB in each plot were rated on 18 Jul and used to calculate FHB Index, where FHB index = (FHB severity * FHB incidence)/100. Leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) Spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana) and net blotch (Pyrenophora teres) were rated on 18 Jul as percent severity on flag leaves and one leaf below the flag leaf (average rating for whole plot). Grain was harvested from a 20 x 5 ft area in each subplot using an Almaco plot combine on 2 Aug. Grain moistures, plot yields, and test weights were recorded. Yield and test weights were adjusted to bu/A at 14.5% moisture. Analysis of deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grain was conducted in the US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative-supported mycotoxin analysis laboratory at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN. Treatment means were calculated, subjected to analysis of variance, and separated by Tukey-Kramer HSD test (P = 0.05).