Codeine and morphine pathway.

摘要

This pathway depicts, in a stylized human liver cell, the principal candidate pharmacogenes involved in the pharmacokinetics of codeine and morphine (Fig. 1). Modulation of the pharmacokinetic conversion of codeine to morphine by variation in the CYP2D6 gene is a well-known example of pharmacogenetics. Below is a brief summary of the main gene and drug relationships, please see the recent reviews by Somogyi et al. [ 1 ] and Rollason et al. [2] for a more thorough discussion of opioid pharmacogenetics.