Supine Valdivia and modified lithotomy position for simultaneous anterograde and retrograde endourological access.

摘要

In 1955 a technique was described for percutaneous renal access with the patient prone ; about 20 years later the percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) procedure was developed , and subsequently the technique of percutaneous stone manipulation was standardized . PCNL, still considered the first choice for managing large-volume renal calculi, was initially used with the patient in the supine-oblique position, but later the prone position became the norm. Currently, even more complex endourological procedures, e.g. the simultaneous or subsequent use of percutaneous renal surgery and ureteroscopy, continue to be used with the patient prone, considered the conventional position for historical reasons [3-11].