meso-Substituted Carbocyanines as Effective Spectral-Fluorescent and Photochemical Probes for Structurally Organized Systems Based on Macromolecules

摘要

Studies of the photonics of dyes in structurally organized systems are of great fundamental and applied importance. In this regard, the search for simple and convenient methods for analyzing the composition and studying structurally organized systems based on biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, etc.) using dye probes is highly relevant. meso-substituted polymethine (carbocyanine) dyes can serve as such probes, as such dyes have a unique set of spectral-fluorescent and photochemical properties that are sensitive to the molecular environment. In structurally organized systems, the photonics of these dyes changes drastically, which allows them to be used in studies of such systems. One peculiarity of these dyes is the mobile equilibrium between the trans-and cis-isomers, which differently interact with biomolecules. The interaction of the dyes with components of structurally organized systems leads to an increase in fluorescence and intersystem crossing to the triplet state. We have developed and put into practice spectral-fluorescent and photochemical probes based on meso-substituted carbocyanines. In particular, we widely used one of the anionic carbocyanines as a probe in biological systems containing serum albumin and collagens. This review is devoted to the works of the authors on the interaction of meso-substituted carbocyanine dyes with biomolecules and the photonics of meso-substituted carbocyanines in complexes with biomolecules. The works on the use of these dyes as probes in biological systems are also considered.