One of the most fundamental problems facing the foundry engineer is developing an adequate design and position of risers for feeding a casting. Most alloys contract as the liquid metal cools and solidifies, and this contraction must be compensated for by providing risers (or "feeders"). The riser is essentially a reservoir of molten metal which flows into the casting cavity as the casting alloy cools and contracts, thus preventing shrinkage porosity from forming within the casting and ensuring a sound part.
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