Characteristics of Fish Bone as the Functional Food Additives Produced with Different Softening Methods

摘要

Fish bone-based calcium products are currently receiving much attention among high value-added industries involving calcium. Industrial processing of fish products yields unused fish parts including bones, which could be used as marine health foods toenhance the economic and environmental benefits of fish production. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop the high value-added fisheries products fortified with fish bones supplementing calcium. We here explored the physical and chemical softening methods of the fish bones to enhance texture of the fish products with a high degree of calcium absorption rates. The eluted calcium from the fish bone was quantified with the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The characteristics of the softened fish bones were determined by the laser diffraction particle size analysis, texture profile analysis, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis. As the result, the optimized softening method of fish bone was establishedwhen Theragra chalco-gramma bone was treated twice with the pressurized high temperature (110-120°C and 1.0-1.5 kg/cm2). The produced softened fish bone turned out to be suitable for the food additives with low particle sizes, low hardness values, and negligible VOCs responsible for the unpleasant flavors.