Shared weapons in fungus-fungus and fungus-plant interactions? Volatile organic compounds of plant or fungal origin exert direct antifungal activity in vitro

摘要

Fungi emit a diverse blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that mediate multiple fungus-fungus interactions. Plants emit VOCs as well, which can serve as resistance-inducing signals but might also act as direct resistance agents. We screened 22 VOCs that are emitted from infected plants for putative inhibitory effects on three fungal phytopathogens: Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea. The growth of all three fungi was significantly inhibited when the mycelia were exposed to an atmosphere containing nonanal, (+)-carvone, citral, trans-2-decenal, L-linalool, or nerolidol. Eugenol completely inhibited the growth of all three fungi, and 1-octen-3-ol, nonanal, 2,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatriene, citral, alpha-terpineol and trans-2-decanal inhibited at least one fungus completely. Most of these VOCs are also emitted from fungi. We conclude that antagonistic fungus fungus and plant-fungus interactions might share common mechanisms and that plant VOCs can function as resistance agents that fungal pathogens must overcome for successful infection. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd and British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.