Reducing Periorbital Edema and Ecchymosis after Rhinoplasty: Literature Review and Personal Approach

摘要

Postoperative periorbital edema and ecchymosis are most bothersome to rhinoplasty patients. The degree of swelling and bruising is influenced by several factors, and numerous prophylactic and therapeutic measures have been described in the literature. This article reviews the current literature and concludes with the author's suggestions on how to bestminimize postoperative periorbital edema and ecchymosis.