Extended Monitoring during Endoscopy

摘要

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic sedation improves technical procedure quality while reducing patient discomfort and is now used nearly universally for gastroenterologic endoscopic procedures in the United States. Depending on the agent and dose administered, 4 levels of sedation may be achieved: minimal sedation (anxiolysis), moderate sedation (ie, conscious sedation), deep sedation, and general anesthesia. According to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), these stages should be viewed as a fluid continuum and are defined by patients' degree of spontaneous ventilation, maintenance of cardiovascular function, and response to verbal and tactile stimuli (Table 1).