Uptake of major and trace elements by grass biomass after amelioration of degraded soil.

摘要

This research aimed to study the uptake of major elements (N, K, Na, Ca and Mg) and trace elements (Cu and Zn) by grass as influenced of amended polluted acid soil. A pot experiment with a grass mixture grown on heavy metal polluted acidic soil (Dystric Fluvisols) from the region of Zlatitza was carried out. To improve the soil properties five kinds of ameliorative mixtures - CaO (LM), peat (P), coal powder (C), iron hydroxide (Fe) and zeolite (Z) in different treatments were tested. Three biomass cuts within two year were made. Concentrations of the following major elements N, K, Na, Ca, Mg in the biomass were analyzed. The uptake of Cu and Zn by the biomass was calculated. The results showed that amendments (except application of zeolit as a single ameliorant) can improve plant growth both quantitatively and qualitatively. Biomass increased significantly compared to the control except for the zeolite treatment. All rates of peat and lime in two components (LM₂P, LM₂P₂ and LM₂P₃) and three - component mixture (LM₂P₂Z) increased the uptake of macronutrients (Ca, Mg, and K) by plants. The application of the organic mixtures (LM₂P_1,2,3 and LM₂CFe) resulted in increased Cu and Zn uptake by plants. The higher Cu and Zn uptake may be related to the formation of soluble organic-metal complexes. Higher soil pH resulting from amendments likely increased the dissolved organic matter (DOC) in soil and as a result of this complexion affinity DOC enhanced the solubility of certain metals.