首页> 外文期刊>Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution >Ploidy tug-of-war: Evolutionary and genetic environments influence the rate of ploidy drive in a human fungal pathogen
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Ploidy tug-of-war: Evolutionary and genetic environments influence the rate of ploidy drive in a human fungal pathogen

机译:倍性战争:进化和遗传环境影响人类真菌病原体中的倍增性驱动的速率

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Variation in baseline ploidy is seen throughout the tree of life, yet the factors that determine why one ploidy level is maintained over another remain poorly understood. Experimental evolution studies using asexual fungal microbes with manipulated ploidy levels intriguingly reveals a propensity to return to the historical baseline ploidy, a phenomenon that we term “ploidy drive.” We evolved haploid, diploid, and polyploid strains of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans under three different nutrient limitation environments to test whether these conditions, hypothesized to select for low ploidy levels, could counteract ploidy drive. Strains generally maintained or acquired smaller genome sizes (measured as total nuclear DNA through flow cytometry) in minimal medium and under phosphorus depletion compared to in a complete medium, while mostly maintained or acquired increased genome sizes under nitrogen depletion. Improvements in fitness often ran counter to changes in genome size; in a number of scenarios lines that maintained their original genome size often increased in fitness more than lines that converged toward diploidy (the baseline ploidy of C. albicans). Combined, this work demonstrates a role for both the environment and genotype in determination of the rate of ploidy drive, and highlights questions that remain about the force(s) that cause genome size variation.
机译:在整个生命之树中看到基线倍增性的变化,但确定为什么一个倍增性水平维持在另一个倍增性水平的因素仍然明白。使用具有操纵倍性水平的无性真菌微生物的实验演化研究有趣地揭示了返回历史基线倍增性的倾向,这是我们术语“倍增的驱动”的现象。在三种不同的营养限制环境下,我们在三倍的人真菌病原体念珠菌蛋白蛋白的单倍体,二倍体和多倍体菌株进行了化,以测试这些条件是否假设为低倍的倍性水平,可以抵消倍性驱动。与在完全培养基相比,在最小介质和磷耗尽下,通常保持或获取较小的基因组大小(通过流式细胞测量的全核DNA)的菌株(通过流式细胞测量),同时在氮气耗尽下大多维持或获得增加的基因组尺寸。适应性的改善通常是基因组大小的变化;在维持其原始基因组大小的许多情景线中,通常在适应性的情况下增加,而不是融合到子多体的线(白醛葡萄酒的基线倍增物)。合并,这项工作表明,在确定倍性驱动率的测定中的环境和基因型中的作用,并突出了留下导致基因组大小变化的力的问题。

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