A laboratory method to investigate gaseous emissions and solids decomposition during composting of municipal solid wastes

摘要

A laboratory method was developed to quantify CO_2'NH_3 and VOC yields and to follow solids decomposition during composting of MSW or its components. All organic substrates were shredded, water and nutrients were added to near optimum levels prior to composing, and composting was continued until feed materials reached approximately the full extent of decomposition. Twenty five L stainless steel digesters were used and aluminum packing was mixed with the wastes to facilitate airflow . Thermophilic temperatures were maintained and air supplied in excess. Nutrients were added to reach an initial C/N ratio of apporoximately 30. CO_2 and NH_3 gases in the exit air stream were captured in alkaline and acidic solutions, respectively, and quantified through titration on a cumulative basis. VOC traps, prior to the gas traps, captured emitted volatile organic compounds, which were quantified on a cumulative basis. Solids were analyzed for hot water soluble matter, fats and lipids, cellulose, hemicelluloseand lignin/humus. Food wastes, yard wastes and mixed paper Produced approximately 368, 220 and 153g C-CO_2/ dry kg and approximately 40.5, 4,6 and 2,0g N NH_3/dry kg of starting material, respectively. VOC volatilization profiles had a decreasing trend with composting. Partially composted MSW produced 8.2 mg/dry kg of 8 selected VOCs, CO_2, NH_3 and VOC recovery tests resulted in efficiencies of 98.6%, 97.6% and 94.6% respectively. Reproducibility of the solids decomposition and gaseous emissions measurements was observed. Carbon and nitrogen mass balance closures ranged form 85.5% to 117.1% and 32.2% to 175% respectively.