Microbiological Qualities of Goat Milk Obtained under DifferentMilking Systems at a Smallholder Dairy Farm in Yogyakarta,Indonesia

摘要

Background and Objective: In Indonesia, smallholder dairy farms contribute 20.37% of domestic market. A small portion of these farmsis from goat dairy farms that are traditionally managed with poor sanitation during milking and improper storage management.This system causes contamination that can affect consumer health and cause financial loss. This study aimed to evaluate themicrobiological quality of goat milk obtained under different milking systems at a smallholder dairy farm in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from 20 crossbred dairy goats divided into two groups: Group A and B. In Group A,milking was conducted manually. In Group B, milking was conducted using a bucket milking machine. Total Plate Count (TPC) and thepresence of Enterobacteriaceae (EB), Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Salmonella were assessed. Data obtained wereanalyzed using a t-test. Results: The results showed that TPC and EB were higher in Group A than in Group B. In Groups A and B, 80%(8/10) of samples contained STEC and 30% (3/10) contained Salmonella. Phylogenetic analysis showed that partial sequencing ofamplified genomic DNA using stx1 primers had more than 90% similarity with several sequences of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain Shigatoxin subunit 1A (stx1A) and Shiga toxin subunit 1B (stx1B). Moreover, partial sequencing of amplified genomic DNA using 16S rRNAprimers had more than 90% similarity with several sequences of S. enterica. Conclusion: The results conclude that hygienic and sanitarypractices in smallholder dairy goat farming are still poor as shown by the presence of pathogenic bacteria.