Effect of Irrigations Number on Yield and Yield Components of Some Bread Wheat Cultivars in North Nile Delta of Egypt

摘要

AFIELD experiments were conducted in the two successive seasons 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 at the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University-Egypt, to investigate the effect of number irrigation on growth, yield and yield components of some wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum, L.). A strip-plot design with three replications was used. Four irrigation treatments were; Irl= given one irrigation after sowing at tillering stage, Ir2= Irl+ one irrigation at elongation stage, Ir3= Ir2+ one irrigation at booting stage, and Ir4= Ir3 + one irrigation after flowering stage. Irl, Ir2, Ir3 and Ir4 were assigned in the horizontal plots, while, the three wheat cultivars; Sids 12, Misr 1 and Sakha 93 were randomly distributed in vertical plots. Results indicated that the effect of irrigations significantly affected number of days to heading and maturity, plant height, number of spikes/m2, 1000-grain weight, number of grains/spike, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index(%). There were highly significant differences among irrigation treatments for all studies traits. Four irrigation produced the highest values of number of days to heading and maturity, plant height, number of spikes/m2, 1000-grain weight, number of grains/spike, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index (%). There were highly significant differences among wheat cultivars for all character under study. Misr 1 recorded the highest values for number of days to heading and maturity, plant height, number of grains/spike, grain and straw yield. Sids 12 recorded the highest values for 1000-grain weight and harvest index. Sids 12 recorded the highest values for number of fertile tillers/m2, and 1000-grain weight with normal or control irrigation treatment (Ir 4). Misr 1 produced the highest grain yield, straw yield, number of grains/spike comparing with the other cultivars Sakha 93 and Sids 12. Decreasing number of irrigations from four to three decreased grain yield of the cultivars Sids 12, Misr 1 and Sakha 93 by 6%, 10% and 11%, respectively. Sid 12 cultivar may be used successfully for improving production of wheat in North Delta area under shortage of irrigation water.