Which way do you lean? Using slope aspect variations to understand Critical Zone processes and feedbacks

Pelletier Jon D.; Barron‐Gafford Greg A.; Gutiérrez‐Jurado Hugo; Hinckley Eve‐Lyn S.; Istanbulluoglu Erkan; McGuire Luke A.; Niu Guo‐Yue; Poulos Michael J.; Rasmussen Craig; Richardson Paul; Swetnam Tyson L.; Tucker Greg E.

摘要

Abstract >Soil‐mantled pole‐facing hillslopes on Earth tend to be steeper, wetter, and have more vegetation cover compared with adjacent equator‐facing hillslopes. These and other slope aspect controls are often the consequence of feedbacks among hydrologic, ecologic, pedogenic, and geomorphic processes triggered by spatial variations in mean annual insolation. In this paper we review the state of knowledge on slope aspect controls of Critical Zone (CZ) processes using the latitudinal and elevational dependence of topographic asymmetry as a motivating observation. At relatively low latitudes and elevations, pole‐facing hillslopes tend to be steeper. At higher latitudes and elevations this pattern reverses. We reproduce this pattern using an empirical model based on parsimonious functions of latitude, an aridity index, mean‐annual temperature, and slope gradient. Using this empirical model and the literature as guides, we present a conceptual model for the slope‐aspect‐driven CZ feedbacks that generate asymmetry in water‐limited and temperature‐limited end‐member cases. In this conceptual model the dominant factor driving slope aspect differences at relatively low latitudes and elevations is the difference in mean‐annual soil moisture. The dominant factor at higher latitudes and elevations is temperature limitation on vegetation growth. In water‐limited cases, we propose that higher mean‐annual soil moisture on pole‐facing hillslopes drives higher soil production rates, higher water storage potential, more vegetation cover, faster dust deposition, and lower erosional efficiency in a positive feedback. At higher latitudes and elevations, pole‐facing hillslopes tend to have less vegetation cover, greater erosional efficiency, and gentler slopes, thus reversing the pattern of asymmetry found at lower latitudes and elevations. Our c </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract xmlns =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”xml：lang =“en”> <title type =“main”>抽象</ title> >土壤 - 地球上的面向杆状山坡往往是陡峭的，湿润，并与相邻赤道的山坡相比具有更多的植被盖。这些和其他倾斜方面控制通常是通过平均年度缺失的空间变化引发的水文，生态，基础和地貌过程中反馈的结果。在本文中，我们审查了使用地形不对称的纬度和高度依赖性作为动机观察的临界区（CZ）过程的临界区（CZ）过程的知识状态。在相对低的纬度和升高处，面向杆状山坡往往是陡峭的。在较高的纬度和高度升高处，这种模式逆转。我们使用基于纬度，干旱指数，平均温度和坡度梯度的帕加思函数的实证模型来再现这种模式。使用该经验模型和文献作为指导，我们为坡度驱动的CZ反馈提供了一种概念模型，其在水有限和温度限制的末端成员壳体中产生不对称性。在这种概念模型中，驾驶斜坡横向差异在相对低的纬度和升高的差异是平均土壤水分的差异。较高纬度和升高的主导因素是对植被生长的温度限制。在有限的情况下，我们提出了面向柱山坡上的平均年度土壤水分，较高的土壤生产率，较高的储水潜力，更快的植被覆盖，更快的粉尘沉积，以及较低的侵蚀效率。在较高的纬度和升高，面向杆的山坡往往具有较少的植被覆盖，更高的侵蚀效率和温和的斜坡，从而逆转在较低纬度和升高的升高中发现的不对称模式。我们的C. </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-22319/'>《Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第5期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共22页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Pelletier Jon D.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Pelletier Jon D.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Barron‐Gafford Greg A.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Barron‐Gafford Greg A.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Gutiérrez‐Jurado Hugo&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Gutiérrez‐Jurado Hugo;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Hinckley Eve‐Lyn S.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Hinckley Eve‐Lyn S.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Istanbulluoglu Erkan&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Istanbulluoglu Erkan;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=McGuire Luke A.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">McGuire Luke A.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Niu Guo‐Yue&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Niu Guo‐Yue;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Poulos Michael J.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Poulos Michael J.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Rasmussen Craig&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Rasmussen Craig;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Richardson Paul&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Richardson Paul;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Swetnam Tyson L.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Swetnam Tyson L.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Tucker Greg E.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Tucker Greg E.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Department of GeosciencesThe University of ArizonaTucson Arizona USA;</p> <p>School of Geography and DevelopmentThe University of ArizonaTucson Arizona USA;</p> <p>Department of Geological SciencesThe University of Texas at El PasoEl Paso Texas USA;</p> <p>Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research and Environmental Studies ProgramUniversity of ColoradoBoulder Colorado USA;</p> <p>Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonWashington USA;</p> <p>Department of GeosciencesThe University of ArizonaTucson Arizona USA;</p> <p>Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric SciencesThe University of ArizonaTucson Arizona USA;</p> <p>Department of GeosciencesBoise State UniversityBoise Idaho USA;</p> <p>Department of Soil Water and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucson Arizona USA;</p> <p>Department of Earth Sciences1272 University of OregonEugene Oregon USA;</p> <p>BIO5 InstituteThe University of ArizonaTucson Arizona USA;</p> <p>Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) and Department of Geological Sciences 2200 Colorado AveUniversity of ColoradoBoulder Colorado USA;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=insolation&option=203" rel="nofollow">insolation;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=slope aspect&option=203" rel="nofollow">slope aspect;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=hillslope asymmetry&option=203" rel="nofollow">hillslope asymmetry;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=feedbacks&option=203" rel="nofollow">feedbacks;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Critical Zone&option=203" rel="nofollow">Critical Zone;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：呈现;斜坡方面;山坡不对称;反馈;关键区域; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704023139250.html">Which way do you lean? 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