Biomechanical effects of trees in an old‐growth temperate forest

?amonil Pavel; Daněk Pavel; Senecká Anna; Adam Du?an; Phillips Jonathan D.

摘要

Abstract >The role of biomechanical effects of trees (BETs) in ecosystem and landscape dynamics is poorly understood. In this study, we aim to (i) describe a widely applicable methodology for quantifying the main BETs in soil, and (ii) analyze the actual frequencies, areas and soil volumes associated with these effects in a mountain temperate old‐growth forest. > The research took place in the Boubínsky Primeval Forest in the Czech Republic; this forest reserve, predominated by <fc> <fi>Fagus sylvatica</fi> </fc> L. and <fc> <fi>Picea abies</fi> </fc> (L.) Karst., is among the oldest protected areas in Europe. We evaluated the effects of 4000 standing and lying trees in an area of 10.2?ha from the viewpoint of the following features: tree uprooting, root mounding, bioprotection, trunk baumsteins (rock fragments displaced by trunk growth), root baumsteins, stump hole infilling, trunk and root systems displacements, depressions formed after trunk fall, stemwash, and trunkwash. >BETs were recorded in 59% of standing and 51% of lying dead trees (excluding the pervasive soil displacement by thickening trunks and roots and the infilling of decayed stumps). Approximately one tenth of the trees showed simultaneous bioprotective and bioerosion effects. Different tree species and size categories exhibited significantly different biomechanical effects. > A bioprotective function was the most frequent phenomenon observed, while treethrows prevailed from the viewpoint of areas and soil volumes affected. The total area influenced by the BETs was 342?m 2 ?ha ?1 . An additional 774?m 2 ?ha ?1 were occupi </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract xmlns =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”xml：lang =“en”> <title type =“main”>抽象</ title> >角色树木（赌注）在生态系统和景观动态中的生物力学效应很差。在本研究中，我们的目标是（i）描述了量化土壤中主要投注的广泛适用的方法，（ii）分析与山地温带老生长森林中的这些效果相关的实际频率，区域和土壤体积。< / p> >在捷克共和国的Boubínsky原始森林中进行了研究;这个森林储备由<fc> <fi> fagus sylvatica </ fi> </ fi> l.和<fc> <fi> picea abies </ fi> </ fc>（L.）喀斯特。，是欧洲最古老的保护区。从以下特征的观点来看，我们评估了4000个站立和躺着的树木在10.2？HA的效果：树连根拔起，根部钉，生物保护，躯干鲍曼（岩石碎片由躯干生长流离失所），根胃部，树桩孔infilling ，行李箱和根系系统位移，凹陷后形成后落后，干洗和躯干。 </ p> >妊娠被记录为59％，51％的躺着死树（通过增厚的树干和根部排除普遍的土壤位移以及腐烂的树桩）。大约十分之一的树木显示出同时生物保护和生物侵蚀效应。不同的树种和尺寸类别表现出显着不同的生物力学效应。</ p> >生物选择功能是观察到的最常见的现象，而从受影响的区域和土壤体积的观点出现雷击。受妊娠受影响的总面积为342μm 2 </ sup>αha ？1 </ sup>。额外的774？m 2 </ sup>？ha ？1 </ sup>是占领 </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-22319/'>《Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第5期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共10页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=?amonil Pavel&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">?amonil Pavel;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Daněk Pavel&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Daněk Pavel;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Senecká Anna&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Senecká Anna;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Adam Du?an&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Adam Du?an;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Phillips Jonathan D.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Phillips Jonathan D.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Department of Forest EcologyThe Silva Tarouca Research InstituteBrno Czech Republic;</p> <p>Department of Forest EcologyThe Silva Tarouca Research InstituteBrno Czech Republic;</p> <p>Department of Forest EcologyThe Silva Tarouca Research InstituteBrno Czech Republic;</p> <p>Department of Forest EcologyThe Silva Tarouca Research InstituteBrno Czech Republic;</p> <p>Department of Forest EcologyThe Silva Tarouca Research InstituteBrno Czech Republic;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=tree–soil interactions&option=203" rel="nofollow">tree–soil interactions;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=hillslope processes&option=203" rel="nofollow">hillslope processes;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=soil erosion&option=203" rel="nofollow">soil erosion;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=ecosystem engineering&option=203" rel="nofollow">ecosystem engineering;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=old‐growth temperate forest dynamics&option=203" rel="nofollow">old‐growth temperate forest dynamics;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=beech&option=203" rel="nofollow">beech;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Podzols&option=203" rel="nofollow">Podzols;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：树木相互作用;山坡工艺;土壤侵蚀;生态系统工程;旧增长温带森林动态;山毛榉;潮汐; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" 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2002</span><span>,第003期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>6. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-conference-cn_meeting-34469_thesis/020221117485.html">温带半干旱地区呼和浩特树木园针叶树引种</a> <b>[C]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=童成仁&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 童成仁</a> <span> <a href="/conference-cn-34469/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 全国第八次林木引种驯化学术研讨会 </a> <span> <span> . 1997</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>7. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-degree-domestic_mphd_thesis/0203179448.html">暖温带地区典型森林群落叶面积指数、生产力和树木年轮特征的分析</a> <b>[A] </b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=陈厦&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 陈厦</a> <span> . 2007</span> </span> </div> </li> </ul> <ul style="display: none;"> <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" 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