Experiments on the morphological controls of velocity inversions in bedrock canyons

Hunt Brendan; Venditti Jeremy G.; Kwoll Eva

摘要

Abstract >A better understanding of bedrock incision mechanisms and processes is essential to the study of long‐term landscape evolution. Yet, little is known about flow dynamics in bedrock rivers, limiting our ability to make realistic predictions of local bedrock incision rates. A recent investigation of flow through bedrock canyons of the Fraser River revealed that plunging flows, defined by the downward‐directed movement of near surface flow toward the channel bed, occur in channels that have low width‐to‐depth ratios. Plunging flows occur into deep scour pools, which are often coincident with lateral constrictions and channel spanning submerged ridges (sills). A phenomenological investigation was undertaken to reproduce the flow fields observed in the Fraser canyons and to explore morphological controls on the occurrence and relative strength of plunging flow in bedrock canyons. Our observations show that the plunging flow structure can be produced along a scour pool entrance slope by accelerating the flow at the canyon entrance either over submerged sills or through lateral constrictions. Plunging flow appears to be a function of convective deceleration into a scour pool which can be enhanced by sill height, the amount of the channel width that is constricted, pool entrance slope, discharge, and a reduction in channel width‐to‐depth ratio. Plunging flow greatly enhances the potential for incision to occur along the channel bed and is an extreme departure from the assumptions of steady, uniform flow in bedrock incision models, highlighting the need for improved formulations that account for fluid flow. Copyright ? 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract xmlns =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”xml：lang =“en”> <title type =“main”>抽象</ title> >更好对基岩切口机制和过程的理解对于长期景观演化研究至关重要。然而，对基岩河流的流动动态知之甚少，限制了我们对当地基岩切口率的现实预测的能力。最近通过弗雷泽河的基岩峡谷的流动调查揭示了由靠近表面流向沟道床的向下定向的移动定义的流动流动发生在具有低宽度到深度比率的通道中。陷入困境的流入深冲刷池，这通常与横向收缩和跨越潜水脊（Sills）的渠道一致。开展了一种现象学研究，以繁殖在弗雷泽峡谷中观察到的流场，并探讨在基岩峡谷中陷入流动的发生和相对强度的形态学控制。我们的观察结果表明，通过在浸没式门槛或通过横向布置上加速峡谷入口处的流动，可以沿着冲洗池入口斜率制造浮动流动结构。急剧流动似乎是对流池中的函数，可以通过梁高度来增强，该频道宽度的沟道宽度的量，池宽度，放电和通道宽度与深度比的降低。急剧增强了沿着沟道床发生的切口的可能性，并且是远离基岩切口模型的稳定，均匀流动的假设的极端偏离，突出了需要改进的制剂，其考虑流体流动。版权？ 2017年John Wiley＆amp; SONS，LTD。</ p> </ abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-22319/'>《Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第3期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共15页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Hunt Brendan&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Hunt Brendan;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Venditti Jeremy G.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Venditti Jeremy G.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Kwoll Eva&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Kwoll Eva;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Department of GeographySimon Fraser UniversityBurnaby British Columbia Canada;</p> <p>Department of GeographySimon Fraser UniversityBurnaby British Columbia Canada;</p> <p>Department of GeographySimon Fraser UniversityBurnaby British Columbia Canada;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=plunging flow&option=203" rel="nofollow">plunging flow;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=type B flow&option=203" rel="nofollow">type B flow;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=bedrock canyons&option=203" rel="nofollow">bedrock canyons;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=channel morphology&option=203" rel="nofollow">channel morphology;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=channel constriction&option=203" rel="nofollow">channel constriction;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：流动;B型流动;基岩峡谷;信道形态;渠道收缩; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon" id="literaturereference" style="display:none"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent111">引文网络</h3> <div class="referencetab clearfix"> <ul id="referencedaohang"> <li dataid="referenceul">参考文献</li> <li dataid="citationul">引证文献</li> <li dataid="commonreferenceul">共引文献</li> <li dataid="commoncitationul">同被引文献</li> <li dataid="tworeferenceul">二级参考文献</li> <li dataid="twocitationul">二级引证文献</li> </ul> </div> <div class="reference_details" id="referenceList"> <ul id="referenceul"></ul> <ul id="citationul"></ul> <ul id="commonreferenceul"></ul> <ul id="commoncitationul"></ul> <ul id="tworeferenceul"></ul> <ul id="twocitationul"></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704023139227.html">Experiments on the morphological controls of velocity inversions in bedrock canyons</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Hunt Brendan&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Hunt Brendan,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Venditti Jeremy G.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Venditti Jeremy G.,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Kwoll Eva&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Kwoll Eva </a> <a href="/journal-foreign-22319/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor">Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group .</a> <span>2018</span><span>,第3期</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：基岩峡谷速度反转形态控制的实验</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/070405667580.html">Joint inversion of H/V ratios and dispersion curves from seismic noise: Estimating the S-wave velocity of bedrock - art. no. 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