Two‐ and four‐dimensional echocardiography with high‐definition flow imaging and spatiotemporal image correlation in the diagnosis of fetal isolated partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection

摘要

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection ( PAPVC ) is a rare malformation. We describe a case of PAPVC , in which the left pulmonary veins coursed to the left innominate vein through a vertical vein and finally drained into the right superior vena cava; the right pulmonary veins were connected to the left atrium. Tracing the origin and destination of abnormal vessels presented at the three‐vessel and trachea view is useful for the diagnosis. Four‐dimensional echocardiography with high‐definition flow imaging and spatiotemporal image correlation facilitates the identification of the drainage of fetal pulmonary veins, which should be considered as a complementary modality in obstetric ultrasonic examination when cardiac abnormalities are suspected.