Improving the Security of 'High-Capacity Quantum Summation with Single Photons in both Polarization and Spatial-Mode Degrees of Freedom'

摘要

In 2014, Zhang et al. (Int J Theor Phys:53:933-941, 2014) proposed a secure multi-party quantum summation protocol based on single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom. They claimed that the proposed protocol can efficiently help the involved participants to sum their secrets, and at the same time, each participant's secret can be kept from being known by others. However, this study shows that Zhang et al.'s protocol suffers from the intercept-resend attack. To solve this problem, a modification is proposed here.