Simulations of the observed ‘jump’ in the West African monsoon and its underlying dynamics using the MIT regional climate model

Im Eun‐Soon; Eltahir Elfatih A. B.

摘要

ABSTRACT >The observed seasonal migration of rainfall associated with the West African monsoon (WAM) is characterized by two regimes of relatively intense rainfall: an early, intense peak over the Guinean Coast during late May to early July; and a late, less‐intense peak over the Sahel during mid‐July to mid‐September. The transition between these two rainfall regimes occurs relatively quickly around the beginning of July. This quick transition can be described as a ‘jump’ of the WAM into the continent. Eltahir and Gong (1996) proposed a theory for the WAM whereby the solar radiation forcing during the summer shapes a distribution of boundary‐layer entropy that peaks over the continent. By assuming a quasi‐equilibrium balance between moist convection and the large‐scale radiative forcing, the distribution of boundary‐layer entropy can be linked to the absolute vorticity at the tropopause. According to this analytical theory, the onset of the monsoon, characterized by the ‘jump’, reflects of a nonlinear shift from a radiative‐convective equilibrium regime to an angular momentum conserving regime that would only occur when the value of absolute vorticity in the upper troposphere approaches a threshold of zero. It is because, when the absolute vorticity is significantly different from zero, then the air as a rotating fluid is too rigid to exhibit a meridional overturning. Here, we use the MIT regional climate model (MRCM) to test this theory further and reach a couple of conclusions. First, MRCM succeeds in reproducing the main features of the observed rainfall distribution, including the ‘jump’. Second, analysis of the rainfall, vorticity, entropy, and wind fields simulated by the model reveals a dynamical picture consistent with the proposed theory. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract xmlns =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”> <title type =“main”>抽象</ title> >对降雨的观察到的季节性迁移西非季风（WAM）的特点是两个相对强烈降雨的制度：在5月初到7月初的几内亚海岸的早期，激烈的高峰;在7月中旬到9月中旬，萨赫尔的迟到了，较为较少的峰值。这两个降雨制度之间的过渡在7月初左右相对迅速地发生。这种快速转换可以被描述为众议员进入大陆的“跳跃”。 Eltahir和Gong（1996）提出了一个关于WAM的理论，在夏天期间的太阳辐射强制迫使边界层熵的分布，这些熵在大陆上达到峰值。通过假设潮湿对流与大规模辐射强制之间的准平衡平衡，边界层熵的分布可以与对流流程的绝对涡度相关联。根据该分析理论，季风的发作，其特征在于“跳跃”，反映了从辐射 - 对流平衡制度到角动量保守制度的非线性转变，只有在上层绝对涡度的值时才会发生对流层接近零的阈值。这是因为，当绝对涡度与零显着不同时，随着旋转流体的空气过于刚性，以表现出优异的倾覆。在这里，我们使用麻省理工学院区域气候模型（MRCM）进一步测试该理论并结论几个结论。首先，MRCM成功地再现了观察到的降雨分布的主要特征，包括“跳跃”。其次，模型模拟的降雨，涡流，熵和风场的分析显示了与所提出的理论一致的动态图片。</ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-21026/'>《International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第2期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共12页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Im Eun‐Soon&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Im Eun‐Soon;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Eltahir Elfatih A. B.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Eltahir Elfatih A. B.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Center for Environmental Sensing and ModelingSingapore‐MIT Alliance for Research and TechnologySingapore;</p> <p>Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge MA USA;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/1232.html" title="气候学">气候学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=West African monsoon jump&option=203" rel="nofollow">West African monsoon jump;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=regional climate model&option=203" rel="nofollow">regional climate model;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=absolute vorticity&option=203" rel="nofollow">absolute vorticity;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=boundary‐layer entropy&option=203" rel="nofollow">boundary‐layer entropy;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：西非季风跳跃;区域气候模型;绝对涡旋;边界层熵; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704023003084.html">Simulations of the observed ‘jump’ in the West African monsoon and its underlying dynamics using the MIT regional climate model</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Im Eun‐Soon&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Im Eun‐Soon,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Eltahir Elfatih A. 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