Wet and dry extremes in Quito (Ecuador) since the 17th century

Domínguez‐Castro F.; García‐Herrera R.; Vicente‐Serrano S. M.

摘要

ABSTRACT > Wet and dry extremes in Quito (Ecuador) over the last 400 years are studied using two sources of information: the longest available instrumental rainfall series in northern South America (1891–2015) and the rogation ceremonies recorded in the Chapter Acts of Quito (1600–1822). The rogation ceremonies present a seasonal distribution that is related to the crops and to the typical distribution of rainfall over the year. August was the month with most <fi>pro serenitate</fi> rogations because farmers needed dry conditions for harvest, whereas excess rainfall at this time would lead to rotting and loss of the harvest. The <fi>pro pluvia</fi> rogations were markedly more frequent during January and February when farmers needed rain for sowing. This relationship between climate and farming activities makes Quito's rogations a good proxy for drought and extreme wet conditions during January–February–March (JFM) and wet conditions during June–July–August (JJA). Standardized precipitation index (SPI) was computed for the instrumental period. The 3‐month SPI showed a significant linear trend over the last 125 years (?0.4 per decade, <fi>p</fi> = 0.009). The five wettest periods were 1651–1657, 1663–1669, 1913–1919, 1950–1956, and 1981–1985. Droughts have intensified in frequency and length since the middle of the 20th century. The most important drought periods were 1692–1701, 1718–1723, 1976–1980, 1990–1993, and 2001–2006. The severest drought during the last 400 years occurred in 1692–1701 when a great famine devastated Quito and affected most of the central Andes. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract xmlns =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”xml：lang =“en”> <title type =“main”>抽象</ title> >湿使用两个信息来源研究了Quito（厄瓜多尔）的极端（厄瓜多尔）：使用两个信息来源：南美北部最长可用的仪器降雨系列（1891 - 2015年）和章节中录制的愤怒仪式（1600-1822））。腐烂的仪式呈现出与作物有关的季节性分布以及年内降雨的典型分布。 8月是大多数<fi> pro serenitate </ fi>腐烂的月份，因为农民需要干旱的收获条件，而此时的多余降雨会导致收获的腐烂和丧失。 <fi> pro pluvia </ fi>狂欢在1月和2月在农民需要雨水时明显更频繁。这种气候和农业活动之间的关系使基多的狂欢在1月至3月至3月 - 3月（JFM）和潮湿条件下的干旱和极端潮湿条件的良好代理。计算标准化降水指数（SPI）为仪器期间计算。 3个月的SPI在过去125年中显示出显着的线性趋势（？每十年0.40.4，<FI> P </ FI> = 0.009）。五个最潮湿的时期是1651-1657,1663-1669,1913-1919,950-1956和1981-1985。自20世纪中叶以来，干旱的频率和长度增长。最重要的干旱期为1692-1701,1718-1723,1976-1980,1990-1993和2001-2006。当伟大的饥荒的基多和受到中央安第斯山脉大部分的伟大饥荒时，在过去400年期间发生了最严重的干旱。 </ p> </ abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-21026/'>《International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第4期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共9页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Domínguez‐Castro F.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Domínguez‐Castro F.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=García‐Herrera R.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">García‐Herrera R.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Vicente‐Serrano S. M.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Vicente‐Serrano S. M.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Instituto Pirenaico de EcologíaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE‐CSIC)Zaragoza Spain;</p> <p>Departamento de Física de la Tierra IIUniversidad Complutense de MadridSpain;</p> <p>Instituto Pirenaico de EcologíaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE‐CSIC)Zaragoza Spain;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/1232.html" title="气候学">气候学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=rogation ceremonies&option=203" rel="nofollow">rogation ceremonies;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=SPI&option=203" rel="nofollow">SPI;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=droughts&option=203" rel="nofollow">droughts;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=documentary sources&option=203" rel="nofollow">documentary sources;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Quito&option=203" rel="nofollow">Quito;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=equatorial Andes&option=203" rel="nofollow">equatorial Andes;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：腐烂的仪式;spi;干旱;纪录片来源;基多;赤道andes; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon" id="literaturereference" style="display:none"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent111">引文网络</h3> <div class="referencetab clearfix"> <ul id="referencedaohang"> <li dataid="referenceul">参考文献</li> <li dataid="citationul">引证文献</li> <li dataid="commonreferenceul">共引文献</li> <li dataid="commoncitationul">同被引文献</li> <li dataid="tworeferenceul">二级参考文献</li> <li dataid="twocitationul">二级引证文献</li> </ul> </div> <div class="reference_details" id="referenceList"> <ul id="referenceul"></ul> <ul id="citationul"></ul> <ul id="commonreferenceul"></ul> <ul id="commoncitationul"></ul> <ul id="tworeferenceul"></ul> <ul id="twocitationul"></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704023002966.html">Wet and dry extremes in Quito (Ecuador) since the 17th century</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Domínguez‐Castro F.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Domínguez‐Castro F.,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=García‐Herrera R.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">García‐Herrera R.,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Vicente‐Serrano S. 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