Seasonal rainfall patterns classification, relationship to ENSO and rainfall trends in Ecuador

Tobar Vladimiro; Wyseure Guido

摘要

ABSTRACT >Water is one of Ecuador's most important natural resources, whose management should rely on good information and adequate models for the water balance. Although there are many studies focusing on rainfall and temperatures, most of them are localized for specific projects or study basins. The convergence of factors like its location in the Intertropical Convergence Zone, the Amazon River basin, the complex topography of the Andes, and being next to the Pacific Ocean impacted by the El Ni?o Southern Oscillation, modelling climate in Ecuador is a challenging task. > The aim of this research was to classify seasonal rainfall patterns, using robust procedures to deal with missing values and outliers. The selected database contained 319 stations with monthly rainfall from 1982 to 2011. A hierarchical clustering technique applied to the proportion of monthly rainfall percentiles allowed identifying four clusters that, when compared to a digital elevation model, resulted geographically related to Sierra, Coast, Amazon and Coast Orographic Sierra (COS). Coast shows strong seasonality with the dry season from June to November, while COS presents a similar pattern with moderate seasonality, the Amazon exhibits mild to no seasonality and the Sierra with a moderate seasonality. Interestingly, the Amazon seasonality enters rather deep into the Sierra through large river valleys. Cumulative differential plots of the <fi>s</fi> tandardized deleted deviations of monthly rainfall aided detecting cluster dependent El Ni?o effects in rainfall for Coast and COS. Correlations of rainfall <fi>versus</fi> SST at El Ni?o regions were also cluster dependent, with low to no significant correlations for Amazon, higher correlations for Coast and COS and moderate correlations for Sierra. Monthly rainfall </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract xmlns =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”xml：lang =“en”> <title type =“main”>抽象</ title> >水是水厄瓜多尔最重要的自然资源之一，其管理层应依靠良好的信息和适当的水平模型。虽然有许多重点在降雨和温度上的研究，但大多数都是针对特定项目或研究盆地的本地化。富于跨河流河流域，安第斯山脉的复杂地形等因素的收敛性，以及由El Ni的太平洋南部震荡影响，厄瓜多尔的气候建模是一个具有挑战性的任务。</ p> >本研究的目的是使用强大的程序来分类季节性降雨模式，以处理缺失的值和异常值。从1982年到2011年的每月降雨量包含319个站点。一个分层聚类技术应用于每月降雨百分比的比例允许识别四个集群，当与数字高度模型相比，导致与塞拉，海岸，亚马逊和亚马逊的地理上有关。海岸地区塞拉（COS）。海岸从6月到11月展示了旱季的强劲季节性，而COS呈现出类似的季节性的模式，亚马逊展示了温和的季节性和塞拉，季节性适中。有趣的是，亚马逊季节性通过大河山谷进入塞拉。 <fi> s的累积差异绘制的月份删除偏差每月降雨的删除偏差辅助检测群体依赖的el ni？o对海岸的降雨和cos的影响。降雨<fi>与</ fi> sst在el ni的相关性？O区也依赖于聚类，亚马逊对亚马逊没有显着相关性，海岸和COS的较高相关性和塞拉中温和的相关性。每月降雨量 </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-21026/'>《International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第4期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共12页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Tobar Vladimiro&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Tobar Vladimiro;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Wyseure Guido&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Wyseure Guido;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de CuencaEcuador;</p> <p>Soil and Water Management DivisionKU LeuvenBelgium;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/1232.html" title="气候学">气候学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=seasonal&option=203" rel="nofollow">seasonal;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=rainfall patterns&option=203" rel="nofollow">rainfall patterns;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=cluster&option=203" rel="nofollow">cluster;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=ENSO&option=203" rel="nofollow">ENSO;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=trends&option=203" rel="nofollow">trends;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Andes&option=203" rel="nofollow">Andes;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Ecuador&option=203" rel="nofollow">Ecuador;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：季节性;降雨模式;集群;enso;趋势;andes;厄瓜多尔; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon" id="literaturereference" style="display:none"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent111">引文网络</h3> <div class="referencetab clearfix"> <ul id="referencedaohang"> <li dataid="referenceul">参考文献</li> <li dataid="citationul">引证文献</li> <li dataid="commonreferenceul">共引文献</li> <li dataid="commoncitationul">同被引文献</li> <li dataid="tworeferenceul">二级参考文献</li> <li dataid="twocitationul">二级引证文献</li> </ul> </div> <div class="reference_details" id="referenceList"> <ul id="referenceul"></ul> <ul id="citationul"></ul> <ul id="commonreferenceul"></ul> <ul id="commoncitationul"></ul> <ul id="tworeferenceul"></ul> <ul id="twocitationul"></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704023002939.html">Seasonal rainfall patterns classification, relationship to ENSO and rainfall trends in Ecuador</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Tobar Vladimiro&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Tobar Vladimiro,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Wyseure Guido&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Wyseure Guido </a> <a href="/journal-foreign-21026/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor">International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society .</a> <span>2018</span><span>,第4期</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：季节性降雨量的分类，与厄瓜多尔的enso和降雨趋势的关系</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-foreign_journal-hydrologic-engineering_thesis/020417366823.html">Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Relationships for Andhra Pradesh, India: Changing Rainfall Patterns and Implications for Runoff and Groundwater Recharge</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Daniel Dourte&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Daniel Dourte,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Sanjay Shukla&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Sanjay Shukla,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Piara Singh&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Piara Singh,</a> <a href="/journal-foreign-2689/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor">Journal of hydrologic engineering .</a> <span>2013</span><span>,第3期</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：印度安得拉邦的降雨强度-持续时间-频率关系：不断变化的降雨模式及其对径流和地下水补给的影响</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704013895247.html">Seasonal and spatial patterns of rainfall trends on the Canadian prairies</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=O. 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