Diversity and Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi In Memecylon umbellatum Burm. F.- A Medicinal Plant in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India

摘要

Endophytic fungi in Memecylon umbellatum were isolated by potato dextrose agar (PDA), malt extract agar or moist blotter methods, and studied for species richness, diversity and evenness. Sixty-three species of 22 genera of fungi and 10 morphotype isolates were documented. Certain morphotypes were characterized as Endomelanconiopsis endophytica, Lasiodiplodia iranensis, L. theobromae and Phyllosticta capitalensis by ITS regions of rDNA. Aspergillus niger, Cochlibolus lunatus and Pestalotiopsis guepinii were dominant species in leaves, bark and fruits. Winter season supported the high fungal incidence of species of Cochliobolus, Bipolaris and Khuskia. PDA supported high fungal expression in foliages during winter. Cochlibolus affinis and P. guepiniiexpressed high antibacterial activity against clinical bacterial strains. The study suggested rich endophytic fungal diversity in M. umbellatum which depended on isolation methods, seasons and plant parts, and some of them could be the future source of novel compounds with biological activities.