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Behavioural characteristics of yaks grazing summer and winter pastures on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

机译:青藏高原牦牛放牧夏季牧草的行为特征

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摘要

The yak is the primary herbivore grazing on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, an area characterized by extremely harsh conditions and a very short vegetation growing season. Herbage quantity and quality peak in summer when it is lush and green, but is dry and withered in winter when it is scarce and of poor quality. Traditionally, yaks graze only natural pasture all year without supplements and have adapted well to the extreme winter conditions. Grazing behaviour has been used as an indicator for grazing management decisions and, in this study, was measured in five 4 to 8 years old yak cows suckling calves during summer and winter on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. The diurnal behavioural patterns were similar in the two seasons. Grazing time and jaw movements per hour increased at dawn (07:00), remained relatively steady and then decreased at dusk (19:00), whereas ruminations, mastications and boluses per hour exhibited an opposite trend and decreased at dawn, and then increased after dusk. Seasonally, with a decrease in herbage quality from summer to winter, yaks decreased grazing and ruminating times and walking distance (P 0.05) and increased drinking and idling times (P 0.05). Air temperature was the primary meteorological variable affecting yak behaviour and was correlated positively with grazing time, ruminating time, the rate of mastications while ruminating, boluses formed and mastications per bolus (P 0.05). In addition, wind velocity and precipitation significantly influenced the grazing behaviour of yaks (P 0.05). We concluded that both meteorological and forage conditions affected the grazing behaviour of yaks and that the general reduction in grazing activities in winter could have been a strategy to reduce exposure to the harsh conditions and, consequently, reduce energy expenditure for foraging and for thermoregulation.
机译:牦牛是在青藏高原上放牧的主要食草动物,一个面积,其特征在于极其恶劣的条件和一个非常短的植被生长季节。夏天的牧草数量和质量峰值郁郁葱葱,但在冬季干燥和枯萎,稀缺和质量差。传统上,牦牛在没有补充的情况下全年只吃了天然牧场,并且适应了极端的冬季条件。放牧行为已被用作放牧管理决策的指标,并且在这项研究中,在青藏高原的夏季和冬季,在五个4到8岁的牦牛牛犊测量。昼夜行为模式在两个季节中相似。在黎明(07:00)中,每小时的放牧时间和下颚运动增加(07:00),仍然相对稳定,然后在黄昏(19:00)下降,而每小时的反向,虐待和血管展示相反,黎明时降,然后增加黄昏后。季节性地,从夏季到冬季的牧草质量下降,牦牛减少了放牧和反刍时间,步行距离(P <0.05),增加饮用和怠速时间(P <0.05)。空气温度是影响牦牛行为的主要气象变量,并且随着放牧时间,反刍时间,咀嚼速率而正相关,在反发的同时,形成的推注和每次推注的咀嚼(P <0.05)。此外,风速和沉淀显着影响了牦牛的放牧行为(P <0.05)。我们得出结论,气象和饲料条件都影响了牦牛的放牧行为,冬季放牧活动的一般减少可能是减少暴露于恶劣条件的策略,从而减少觅食和热调节的能源消耗。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Applied Animal Behaviour Science》 |2019年第2019期|共7页
  • 作者单位

    Lanzhou Univ Sch Life Sci Inst Arid Agroecol State Key Lab Grassland Agroecosyst Lanzhou 73000 Gansu Peoples R China;

    Lanzhou Univ Sch Life Sci Inst Arid Agroecol State Key Lab Grassland Agroecosyst Lanzhou 73000 Gansu Peoples R China;

    Haibei Comprehens Expt Stn Natl Beef Cattle &

    Yak Haibei 810299 Peoples R China;

    Lanzhou Univ Sch Life Sci Inst Arid Agroecol State Key Lab Grassland Agroecosyst Lanzhou 73000 Gansu Peoples R China;

    Ben Gurion Univ Negev Blaustein Inst Desert Res Wyler Dept Dryland Agr Desert Anim Adaptat &

    Husb IL-84105 Beer Sheva Israel;

  • 收录信息
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 动物学;
  • 关键词

    Grazing yak; Behavioural characteristics; Pasture condition; Meteorological factors;

    机译:放牧牦牛;行为特征;牧场状况;气象因素;

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