Fumigation coupled with bio-organic fertilizer for the suppression of watermelon Fusarium wilt disease re-shapes the soil microbiome

摘要

Fusarium wilt of watermelon caused by Fusarium oxysporums f. sp. niveum (FON) is the most destructive disease impacting production. Soil fumigation using ammonium bicarbonate coupled with bioorganic fertilizer (BOF) application was conducted in the field in order to suppress Fusarium wilt disease. The composition of the soil microbiome after fumigation and at harvest was assessed using MiSeq high throughput sequencing. Soil fumigation succeeded in suppressing disease incidence, with a drop from 96% to 40%, with the addition of lime boosting suppression by a further similar to 12%. The addition of BOF also contributed to disease suppression by increasing the control efficacy from 7% to 12%. Alterations in the bacterial and fungal community composition was primarily driven by fumigation followed by fertilization. The abundance of the total microbial community also exhibited a positive influence on the survival certain of microbial populations after fumigation. Fumigation strongly suppressed soil pathogen abundance while both lime and BOF addition enhanced the suppression effect. In total, stronger fumigation resulted in a partial collapse of the indigenous microbial community with an anti-phytopathogenic re-structured community arising due to the application of bio-organic fertilizer.