首页> 外文期刊>Applied Geochemistry: Journal of the International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry >Microbial community structure within a weathered waste-rock pile overlain by a monolayer soil cover
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Microbial community structure within a weathered waste-rock pile overlain by a monolayer soil cover

机译:通过单层土盖覆盖着风化的废岩石桩内的微生物群落结构

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A historic waste-rock stockpile (WRS) at the Detour Lake Mine (DLM), covered with a thin layer (<1 m) of local overburden, was studied to determine the potential for microbially-mediated generation of acid rock drainage (ARD). The sulfur content of the waste rock ranged from 0 to 2.2 wt %, with pyrite and pyrrhotite identified as the principal sulfide minerals. Acidity released through sulfide oxidation in the WRS has been neutralized through carbonate mineral dissolution, and has resulted in the generation of neutral mine drainage (pH 6-8). However, the WRS is heterogeneous, and localized water samples collected from discrete zones within the stockpile were more highly oxidized and acidic (i.e., pH >= 2.5). Enumerations of acidophilic sulfur- (aSOM) and iron-oxidizing microorganisms (aI0M) were performed, yielding mean abundances of 1.2 x 10(3) and 9.0 x 10(5) cells g(-1), respectively. The mean abundance of neutrophilic sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms (nSOM) was 5.5 x 10(5) cells g(-1). Fungi and bacteria present in the waste rock were identified using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of 18S and 16S rRNA genes, respectively. Sequencing confirmed the presence of Thiobacillus and Acidithiobacillus species. Bacterial diversity was greatest in samples from the cover material. Unoxidized waste rock samples were characterized by neutrophilic iron- or sulfur-oxidizing genera (i.e., Thiobacillus), whereas samples collected from oxidized and acidic zones in the WRS showed greater abundances of acidophilic taxa (i.e., Acidithiobacillus). None of the fungal genera identified in this study have been shown to oxidize sulfide minerals directly, other than indirectly through creation of a suitable environment for the prokaryotes involved in the processes. Although installation of a simple, non-engineered cover is anticipated to have slowed the generation of ARD, evidence of ongoing sulfide oxidation within the covered WRS was observed. High abundances and activities of sulfur- and iron-oxidizing microorganisms indicate that the soil cover has not prevented the growth of microorganisms that catalyze sulfide-mineral oxidation.
机译:在Detour Lake Mine(DLM)的历史悠久的废物岩石储存(WRS)覆盖着薄层(<1米)的当地覆盖层,研究了微生物介导的酸岩排水(ARD)的潜力。废岩的硫含量范围为0至2.2wt%,用硫铁矿和磷油钛鉴定为主要硫化物矿物质。通过WRS中硫化物氧化释放的酸度通过碳酸矿物溶解中和,并导致产生中性矿山排水(pH6-8)。然而,WRS是非均相的,并且从储物内的离散区收集的局部水样更高氧化和酸性(即,pH> = 2.5)。进行嗜酸性硫 - (ASOM)和铁氧化微生物(AIOM)的枚举,分别产生1.2×10(3)和9.0×10(5)个细胞G(-1)的平均丰度。中性硫氧化微生物(NSOM)的平均大量为5.5×10(5)个细胞G(-1)。使用18℃和16S rRNA基因的高通量扩增子测序鉴定废岩中存在的真菌和细菌。测序证实了硫嘧啶和酸酐物种的存在。来自覆盖材料的样品中的细菌多样性最大。通过中性粒细胞铁或硫氧化剂(即,硫嘧啶)的特征是未氧化的废岩样品,而从WRS中的氧化和酸性区收集的样品表现出较大的嗜酸性酸毒素(即酸酐)。本研究中鉴定的真菌属没有被证明直接氧化硫化物矿物质,除了通过为过程中涉及的原核生物的适当的环境进行间接地氧化硫化物矿物。虽然预期安装简单的非工程封面,但仍然减缓了ARD的产生,但观察了覆盖WRS内持续硫化物氧化的证据。硫和氧化微生物的高丰度和活性表明土壤覆盖物并未阻止催化硫化物矿物氧化的微生物的生长。

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