The Effect of Lifeguard Experience upon the Detection of Drowning Victims in a Realistic Dynamic Visual Search Task

Laxton Victoria; Crundall David

摘要

Summary >Lifeguard surveillance is a complex task that is crucial for swimmer safety, though few studies of applied visual search have investigated this domain. This current study compared lifeguard and non‐lifeguard search skills using dynamic, naturalistic stimuli (video clips of confederate swimmers) that varied in set size and type of drowning. Lifeguards were more accurate and responded faster to drowning targets. Differences between drowning targets were also found: Passive drownings were responded to less often, but more quickly than active drownings, highlighting that passive drownings may be less salient but are highly informative once detected. Set size effects revealed a dip in reaction speeds at an intermediate set‐size level, suggesting a possible change in visual search strategies as the array increases in size. Nonetheless, the ability of the test to discriminate between lifeguards and non‐lifeguards offers future possibilities for training and assessing lifeguard surveillance skills. Copyright ? 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract XMLNS =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”xml：lang =“en”> <title type =“main”>摘要</ title> >救生员监控是一种复杂的任务，对于游泳者安全至关重要，但很少对应用视觉搜索的研究已经调查了这个领域。本前的研究比较救生员和非救生员搜索技能使用动态，自然主义刺激（同盟游泳运动员的视频剪辑），这些刺激在集合尺寸和溺水的类型中变化。救生员更加准确，令人沮丧的目标更快。还发现了溺水目标之间的差异：被动溺水的常见是较少的，但比活跃的溺水更快地响应，突出显示被动溺水可能不那么突出，但是一旦检测到一旦检测到高度信息。设置尺寸效果在中间设定尺寸水平下显示反应速度的倾角，表明随着阵列的尺寸增加，视觉搜索策略的可能变化。尽管如此，测试歧视救生员和非救生员之间的能力提供了培训和评估救生员监测技能的未来可能性。版权？ 2017年John Wiley＆amp; SONS，LTD。</ p> </ abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-19301/'>《Applied cognitive psychology》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第1期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共10页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Laxton Victoria&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Laxton Victoria;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Crundall David&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Crundall David;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Division of Psychology School of Social SciencesNottingham Trent UniversityNottingham UK;</p> <p>Division of Psychology School of Social SciencesNottingham Trent UniversityNottingham UK;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/2294.html" title="认知">认知;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704022672614.html">The Effect of Lifeguard Experience upon the Detection of Drowning Victims in a Realistic Dynamic Visual Search Task</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Laxton Victoria&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Laxton Victoria,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Crundall David&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Crundall David </a> <a href="/journal-foreign-19301/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor">Applied cognitive psychology .</a> <span>2018</span><span>,第1期</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：救生员经验对一个现实动态视觉搜索任务中溺水受害者检测的影响</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704022676530.html">Visual search in unilateral spatial neglect: The effects of distractors on a dynamic visual search task</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Rebeca Lauren Emerson&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Rebeca Lauren Emerson,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Alberto Garcia-Molina&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Alberto Garcia-Molina,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Jaume Lopez Carballo&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Jaume Lopez Carballo,</a> <a href="/journal-foreign-19323/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor">Applied neuropsychology. 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<div> <b>7. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-degree-domestic_mphd_thesis/020313547185.html">视觉搜索任务与坚持任务中的证实倾向</a> <b>[A] </b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=陈永强&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 陈永强</a> <span> . 2018</span> </span> </div> </li> </ul> <ul style="display: none;"> <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/061202742382.html">对于移动网络中的视觉搜索和增强现实的缓存支持</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 中国专利： CN103620594B </span> <span> . 2018.01.26</span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06120102359288.html">对于移动网络中的视觉搜索和增强现实的缓存支持</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 中国专利： CN103620594A </span> <span> . 2014-03-05</span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130430427828.html">Dynamically updated search results based upon continuously-evolving search query that is based at least in part upon phrase suggestion, search engine uses previous result sets performing additional search tasks</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  US7461059B2 </span> <span> . 2008-12-02</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：基于持续发展的搜索查询（至少部分基于短语建议）动态更新的搜索结果，搜索引擎使用先前的结果集执行其他搜索任务 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>4. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130435728334.html">VISUAL SEARCH EXPERIENCE EDITOR</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  US2007250492A1 </span> <span> . 2007-10-25</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：视觉搜索体验编辑器 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>5. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130435728348.html">VISUAL SEARCH EXPERIENCE EDITOR</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  US2007250478A1 </span> 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