Fouling is the phenomenon of formation of a film of aquatic organisms on surfaces that are in contact with marine environment for long periods of time. Mainly, organisms such as barnacles, and bacteria such as Thiobacilli form a persistent layer on contacted surfaces and structures. Accumulation of these organisms increases drag and reduces the performance of marine structures. Fouling on ships can cause excess fuel consumption of nearly 40%. Price of fuel is a major concern in a vessel's operating costs. For example, oil prices from a low of $ 110 per ton in early 2002 reached unprecedented levels of over $500 per ton in 2011, which is an increase of approximately five times. Hence, the shipping industry is currently searching for a marine coating that can provide excellent resistance to fouling and thus reduce fuel consumption.
展开▼
