In vitro digestibility and ruminal fermentation characteristic of fermented rice straw supplemented with tapioca by-product, palm kernel cake, and copra meal

摘要

A large range of agricultural by-products, such as onggok (tapioca by-product), palm kernel cake (PKC), and copra meal (CM), as well as forages and crop resources (legumes and cereal straws) are available for cattle diets in Indonesia and other Asiancountries. However, most farmers formulate their rations based on the cheaper rather than nutritional principles, resulting in poor performance of the cattle. A good balance between energy and protein feeds in the ration is the key factor in achieving optimum performance. This in vitro experiment was done to determine the best combination ratio of two protein supplements in fermented rice straw based diets on in vitro digestibility and ruminal fermentation characteristics.