The emergence of climate change and global warming issues from the Kyoto protocol,with the impact of CO2 and other greenhouse gases,are the most important challenges faced in the last three decades.In addition to climate change,the preoccupation with energy linked to a potential’peak oil’introduces a requirement for strong action on fuel saving and the utilisation of clean energy.Climate change and energy issues were recently aligned with the depletion of natural resources in general and strategic metals in particular.It appeared from the beginning of the second decade that alternatives to internal combustion engines are a key driver for all types of road vehicle.One of the first developments was in the automobile market,with the rise of pure electric,hybrid electric vehicles(HEV)and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEV),which are assumed to be the best alternatives to conventional vehicles.
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