Time evolution and thermodynamics for a nonequilibrium system in phase-space

摘要

The integrable system is constrained strictly by the conservation law during the time evolution, and the prethermal state from the nearly integrable system is also constrained by the conserved parameters (the constants of motion) with the corresponding generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE), which is indubitably a powerful tool in the prediction of the relaxation dynamics. For stochastic evolution dynamics with considerable noise, the two-point correlation of local operators (like the density of kinks or transverse magnetization correlators), which do not exhibit the thermal features, display the behaviors of nonthermalization and an asymptotic GGE. In fact it is an asymptotic quasi-steady state with an infinite temperature, therefore the required distance to the nonthermal steady state is in an infinite time average. In this paper, we unambiguously investigate the relaxation of a nonequilibrium system in a canonical ensemble for integrable and nonintegrable systems. Temporal behavior of the many-body quantum system and the corresponding linear-coupling between the harmonic oscillators are discussed. The matrix-method in entropy ensemble is utilized to discuss the boundary and the diagonalization algebraically. The approximation results for nonintegrable system under the considerable perturbations are also presented.