Controllable mullite bismuth ferrite micro/nanostructures with multifarious catalytic activities for switchable/hybrid catalytic degradation processes

摘要

Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedAbstractIn this work, controllable preparation of micro/nanostructured bismuth ferrites (BFOs) were used to investigate multifarious heterogeneous catalyses, including Fenton/Fenton-like reaction, photocatalysis, photo-Fenton oxidation, and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Results showed that BFO can be used asa novel catalyst to activate switchable catalytic degradation of organic matters. Additionally, a novel catalytic system for degradation of organic pollutants, which integrating all-above heterogeneous catalyses is denoted as BFO/H2O2/PMS hybrid reaction, is introduced for the first time. BFO/H2O2/PMS system effectively degraded>99% for both methyl orange (MO) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) within 60min, which shows better efficiency than above BFO-driven catalyses. The major SMX degradation pathway in BFO/H2O2/PMS system is proposedviadetecting intermediates using LC/MS/MS. It was found that catalytic activities of BFOs are in the order of BFO-L (co-precipitation, micro/nanosize, single crystals exposing facet (001))>BFO-H (hydrothermal, nanocluster with a higher surface area than other BFOs)>BFO-C (fabricated using calcination process, microsize),