Fabrication and electrochemical characterization of polyimide-derived carbon nanofibers for self-standing supercapacitor electrode materials

摘要

We report the electrochemical performance of aromatic polyimide (PI)-based carbon nanofibers (CNFs), which were fabricated by electrospinning, imidization, and carbonization process of poly(amic acid) (PAA) as an aromatic PI precursor. For the purpose, PAA solution was electrospun into nanofibers, which were then converted into CNFs via one-step (PAA-CNFs) or two-step heat treatment (PI-CNFs) of imidization and carbonization. The FTIR and Raman spectra demonstrated a successful structural evolution from PAA nanofibers to PI nanofibers to CNFs at the molecular level. The SEM images revealed that the average diameter of the nanofibers decreased noticeably via imidization and carbonization, while it decreased slightly with increasing the carbonization temperature from 800 degrees C to 1000 degrees C. In case of PI-CNF carbonized at 1000 degrees C, a porous structure was developed on the surface of nanofibers. The electrical conductivity of PI-CNFs, which was even higher than that of PAA-CNFs, increased significantly from 0.41 to 2.50 S/cm with increasing the carbonization temperature. From cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests, PI-CNF carbonized at 1000 degrees C was evaluated to have a maximum electrochemical performance of specific capacitance of similar to 126.3 F/g, energy density of similar to 12.2 Wh/kg, and power density of similar to 160 W/kg, in addition to an excellent operational stability. (c) 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47846.