Effects of energy restriction during gilt development on milk nutrient profile, milk oligosaccharides, and progeny biomarkers

摘要

An ongoing study at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (which included 14 batches of gilts; n = 90 gilts/batch) demonstrated that energy restriction during the developmental period of a gilt increases longevity and may also have beneficial effects on progeny health and growth, particularly, parity 1 progeny. Therefore, we hypothesized that energy restriction during gilt development may affect milk nutrient profile, milk oligosaccharides (OS), and postnatal progeny biomarkers. During the development period, batch 14 gilts (n = 128, 8 gilts/pen) were fed 3 dietary treatments including the following: 1) Control diet formulated to NRC (2012) specifications (CTL); 2) Restricted (20% energy restriction via addition of 40% soy hulls; RESTR); and 3) CTL diet plus addition of crystalline amino acids equivalent to the SID Lys: ME of the RESTR diet (CTL+). All diets were fed ad libitum and applied in a 3-phase feeding regimen during gilt development (days 123 to 230 of age). Average daily feed intake was used to estimate daily metabolizable energy intake (Mcal/d) during each phase (Phase 1: 10.13, 6.97, 9.95; Phase 2: 11.25, 8.05, 10.94; and Phase 3: 9.47, 7.95,11.07) for CTL, RESTR, and CTL+, respectively. After 230 d of age, gilts were bred and fed a common diet. Milk samples were collected from batch 14 gilts (n = 7 per treatment) on days 0 and 14 post-farrowing for compositional analysis of N, CP, dry matter (DM), GE, insulin, and OS. Piglet blood samples (n = 6 piglets/gilt) were obtained on days 1 and 15 postfarrowing for quantification of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) and insulin. No effects of developmental diet were observed for milk N, CP, DM, or GE; however, N, CP, DM, and insulin were increased (P 0.05) on day 1 compared with day 14. A total of 61 different milk OS were identified. Milk OS profile was significantly different for neutral and acidic OS (P 0.05) on day 0, but there were no significant differences on day 14. For piglet GLP-2, a treatment by day interaction was observed (P 0.009); specifically, on day 1 GLP concentrations were greater (P 0.001) in CTL+ compared with RESTR (6.73 vs. 1.21 ng/mL). For serum insulin, a treatment by day interaction was observed (P 0.01); specifically, insulin in RESTR progeny was greater (P 0.03) than CTL on day 1. In conclusion, nutritional management of the developing gilt may affect milk nutrient composition, milk OS profile, and piglet serum biomarkers.