Ocean acidification does not limit squid metabolism via blood oxygen supply

摘要

Ocean acidification is hypothesized to limit the performance of squid owing to their exceptional oxygen demand and pH sensitivity of blood-oxygen binding, which may reduce oxygen supply in acidified waters. The critical oxygen partial pressure (P-crit), the P-O2 below which oxygen supply cannot match basal demand, is a commonly reported index of hypoxia tolerance. Any CO2-induced reduction in oxygen supply should be apparent as an increase in P-crit. In this study, we assessed the effects of CO2 (46-143 Pa; 455-1410 mu atm) on the metabolic rate and P-crit of two squid species - Dosidicus gigas and Doryteuthis pealeii - through manipulative experiments. We also developed a model, with inputs for hemocyanin pH sensitivity, blood P-CO2 and buffering capacity, that simulates blood oxygen supply under varying seawater CO2 partial pressures. We compare model outputs with measured P-crit in squid. Using blood-O-2 parameters from the literature for model inputs, we estimated that, in the absence of blood acid-base regulation, an increase in seawater P-CO2 to 100 Pa (approximate to 1000 mu atm) would result in a maximum drop in arterial hemocyanin-O-2 saturation by 1.6% at normoxia and a P-crit increase of approximate to 0.5 kPa. Our live-animal experiments support this supposition, as CO2 had no effect on measured metabolic rate or P-crit in either squid species.