Genetic Polymorphisms in ESR1 and ESR2 Genes, and Risk of Hypospadias in a Multiethnic Study Population

摘要

Purpose: Estrogenic endocrine disruptors acting via estrogen receptors alpha (ESR1) and beta (ESR2) have been implicated in the etiology of hypospadias, a common congenital malformation of the male external genitalia. We determined the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in ESR1 and ESR2 genes with hypospadias in a racially/ethnically diverse study population of California births.