Optimization of Nano-Titania and Titania-Chitosan Nanocomposite to Enhance Bio-compatibility

摘要

Nano-structured titania (TiO_2) has received considerable attention in the field of biomedical research because of its numerous advantages and few health concerns. To produce good biocompatible biomaterial, we synthesized different structural nano-TiO_2 and TiO_2-chitosan (CH) nanocomposite by precipitation, hydrothermal, and in situ sol-gel methods. The prepared samples were characterized comprehensively. Nano-TiO_2 prepared by precipitation and hydrothermal methods (sintered at 673 K) showed an anatase phase with spherical morphology, whereas precipitation at 393 K confirmed amorphous phase. In situ synthesized composites were amorphous and had irregular morphology. The samples were further analyzed for in vitro bioactivity, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity. The characterization after bioactivity study confirmed formation of stoichiometric ratio of hydroxyapatite on TiO_2-CH nanocomposite compared with other TiO_2 samples. No significant cytotoxic effect of all the samples on gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) human cell line was observed. This study shows that method of synthesis has no significant effect on the bioactivity and antibacterial activity, whereas it influences cytotoxicity. However, TiO_2-CH nanocomposite has an important function in conferring better biocompatibility. Thus, TiO_2-based polymer composites prepared with appropriate synthesis methods are recommended for implant and tissue engineering applications.