Metformin promotes autophagy in ischemia/reperfusion myocardium via cytoplasmic AMPK alpha 1 and nuclear AMPK alpha 2 pathways

摘要

Aims: In myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury, impaired autophagy function worsens cardiomyocyte death. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric protein that plays an important role in cardioprotection and myocardial autophagic function. AMPK alpha 1 and alpha 2 are localized primarily in the cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively, in cardiomyocytes, but the isoform-specific autophagy regulation of AMPK during MI/R remains unclear.