HO2 Generation Above Sprite-Producing Thunderstorms Derived from Low-Noise SMILES Observation Spectra

摘要

No direct observational evidence of sprite-produced active radicals has been presented owing to the difficulty of observing a small event area in the nighttime mesosphere, whereas sprite chemical models have indicated that sprite discharge locally affects the atmospheric composition. We present the first observational evidence of a HO2 production above sprite-producing thunderstorms from the coincidence of temporal-spatial observations of HO2 spectra, sprite events, and thunderstorms by two space instruments, a submillimeter-wave limb spectrometer and ultraviolet/visible Imager and a ground-based very low frequency radiation lightning detection network. A total of three areas was identified with enhanced HO2 levels of approximately 10(25) molecules. A chemical sprite model indicates an increase in HO2 in the considered altitude region; however, the predicted production due to a single sprite event is smaller than the observed enhancement. Our observational results suggest that sprites potentially contribute 1% of nighttime background HO2 generation at altitudes of 75-80km globally.